For consistency this PR introduces using custom markdown and short upload:// URLs for video and audio uploads, rather than just treating them as links and relying on the oneboxer. The markdown syntax for videos is  and for audio it is .
This is achieved in discourse-markdown-it by modifying the rules for images in mardown-it via md.renderer.rules.image. We return HTML instead of the token when we encounter audio or video after | and the preview renders that HTML. Also when uploading an audio or video file we insert the relevant markdown into the composer.
### General Changes and Duplication
* We now consider a post `with_secure_media?` if it is in a read-restricted category.
* When uploading we now set an upload's secure status straight away.
* When uploading if `SiteSetting.secure_media` is enabled, we do not check to see if the upload already exists using the `sha1` digest of the upload. The `sha1` column of the upload is filled with a `SecureRandom.hex(20)` value which is the same length as `Upload::SHA1_LENGTH`. The `original_sha1` column is filled with the _real_ sha1 digest of the file.
* Whether an upload `should_be_secure?` is now determined by whether the `access_control_post` is `with_secure_media?` (if there is no access control post then we leave the secure status as is).
* When serializing the upload, we now cook the URL if the upload is secure. This is so it shows up correctly in the composer preview, because we set secure status on upload.
### Viewing Secure Media
* The secure-media-upload URL will take the post that the upload is attached to into account via `Guardian.can_see?` for access permissions
* If there is no `access_control_post` then we just deliver the media. This should be a rare occurrance and shouldn't cause issues as the `access_control_post` is set when `link_post_uploads` is called via `CookedPostProcessor`
### Removed
We no longer do any of these because we do not reuse uploads by sha1 if secure media is enabled.
* We no longer have a way to prevent cross-posting of a secure upload from a private context to a public context.
* We no longer have to set `secure: false` for uploads when uploading for a theme component.
When uploading an image file with dots in the filename we were splitting the string on dots and getting the last of the split items as the extension-less filename. However this did not work with filenames that have dots. We now just remove the extension using substr.
* instead of using encodeURIComponent in imageNameFromFileName,
we just replace the bad characters that we wanted to get rid
of in the first place where we introduced encodeURIComponent.
as per review
Meta: https://meta.discourse.org/t/image-name-has-20-in-file-name/134136
We were ending up with [file%20name](url) in the markdown preview, which looked weird and
affected the alt text. this is because we were calling encodeURIComponent, which has been left in place because this is a valid thing to do for some cases. (e.g. f674b9e)
This PR introduces a new secure media setting. When enabled, it prevent unathorized access to media uploads (files of type image, video and audio). When the `login_required` setting is enabled, then all media uploads will be protected from unauthorized (anonymous) access. When `login_required`is disabled, only media in private messages will be protected from unauthorized access.
A few notes:
- the `prevent_anons_from_downloading_files` setting no longer applies to audio and video uploads
- the `secure_media` setting can only be enabled if S3 uploads are already enabled and configured
- upload records have a new column, `secure`, which is a boolean `true/false` of the upload's secure status
- when creating a public post with an upload that has already been uploaded and is marked as secure, the post creator will raise an error
- when enabling or disabling the setting on a site with existing uploads, the rake task `uploads:ensure_correct_acl` should be used to update all uploads' secure status and their ACL on S3
