freecad-cam/Mod/PartDesign/PartDesignTests/TestInvoluteGear.py
2026-02-01 01:59:24 +01:00

407 lines
20 KiB
Python

#***************************************************************************
#* Copyright (c) 2021 Jonas Bähr <jonas.baehr@web.de> *
#* *
#* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify *
#* it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) *
#* as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of *
#* the License, or (at your option) any later version. *
#* for detail see the LICENCE text file. *
#* *
#* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, *
#* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of *
#* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the *
#* GNU Library General Public License for more details. *
#* *
#* You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public *
#* License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software *
#* Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 *
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#***************************************************************************
import unittest
import pathlib
from math import pi, tan, cos, acos
import FreeCAD
Quantity = FreeCAD.Units.Quantity # FIXME from FreeCAD.Units import Quantity doesn't work
from FreeCAD import Vector
from Part import makeCircle, Precision
import InvoluteGearFeature
FIXTURE_PATH = pathlib.Path(__file__).parent / "Fixtures"
class TestInvoluteGear(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
self.Doc = FreeCAD.newDocument("PartDesignTestInvoluteGear")
FreeCAD.ConfigSet("SuppressRecomputeRequiredDialog", "True")
def tearDown(self):
FreeCAD.ConfigSet("SuppressRecomputeRequiredDialog", "")
FreeCAD.closeDocument(self.Doc.Name)
def testDefaultGearProfile(self):
InvoluteGearFeature.makeInvoluteGear('TestGear')
gear = self.Doc.getObject('TestGear')
self.assertSuccessfulRecompute(gear)
self.assertClosedWire(gear.Shape)
def testDefaultInternalGearProfile(self):
gear = InvoluteGearFeature.makeInvoluteGear('InvoluteGear')
gear.ExternalGear = False
self.assertSuccessfulRecompute(gear)
self.assertClosedWire(gear.Shape)
def testLowPrecisionGearProfile(self):
gear = InvoluteGearFeature.makeInvoluteGear('InvoluteGear')
gear.HighPrecision = False
self.assertSuccessfulRecompute(gear)
self.assertClosedWire(gear.Shape)
def testLowPrecisionInternalGearProfile(self):
gear = InvoluteGearFeature.makeInvoluteGear('InvoluteGear')
gear.ExternalGear = False
gear.HighPrecision = False
self.assertSuccessfulRecompute(gear)
self.assertClosedWire(gear.Shape)
def testExternalGearProfileOrientation(self):
gear = InvoluteGearFeature.makeInvoluteGear('TestGear')
self.assertSuccessfulRecompute(gear)
tip_diameter = (gear.NumberOfTeeth + 2 * gear.AddendumCoefficient) * gear.Modules
delta = 0.01 # yes, we do not reach micrometer precision
tip_probe = makeCircle(delta, Vector(tip_diameter/2, 0, 0))
self.assertIntersection(gear.Shape, tip_probe,
msg=f"First tooth tip does not lay on the positive X-axis")
def testInternalGearProfileOrientation(self):
gear = InvoluteGearFeature.makeInvoluteGear('TestGear')
gear.ExternalGear = False
self.assertSuccessfulRecompute(gear)
tip_diameter = (gear.NumberOfTeeth - 2 * gear.AddendumCoefficient) * gear.Modules
delta = 0.01 # yes, we do not reach micrometer precision
tip_probe = makeCircle(delta, Vector(tip_diameter/2, 0, 0))
self.assertIntersection(gear.Shape, tip_probe,
msg=f"First tooth tip does not lay on the positive X-axis")
def testCustomizedGearProfile(self):
gear = InvoluteGearFeature.makeInvoluteGear('InvoluteGear')
z = 12
m = 1
gear.NumberOfTeeth = z
gear.Modules = f'{m} mm'
gear.PressureAngle = '14.5 deg'
self.assertSuccessfulRecompute(gear)
self.assertClosedWire(gear.Shape)
pitch_diameter = m * z
default_addendum = 1
default_dedendum = 1.25
tip_diameter = pitch_diameter + 2 * default_addendum * m
root_diameter = pitch_diameter - 2 * default_dedendum * m
# the test purpose here is just to ensure the gear's parameters are used,
# not super precise profile verification. Thus a lax delta is just file here.
delta = 0.01
self.assertIntersection(gear.Shape, makeCircle(pitch_diameter/2), "Expecting intersection at pitch circle")
self.assertNoIntersection(gear.Shape, makeCircle(tip_diameter/2 + delta), "Teeth extent beyond tip circle")
self.assertNoIntersection(gear.Shape, makeCircle(root_diameter/2 - delta), "Teeth extend below root circle")
def testCustomizedGearProfileForSplinedShaft(self):
spline = InvoluteGearFeature.makeInvoluteGear('InvoluteSplinedShaft')
z = 12
m = 2
add_coef = 0.5
ded_coef = 0.9
spline.NumberOfTeeth = z
spline.Modules = f'{m} mm'
spline.PressureAngle = '30 deg'
spline.AddendumCoefficient = add_coef
spline.DedendumCoefficient = ded_coef
spline.RootFilletCoefficient = 0.4
self.assertSuccessfulRecompute(spline)
self.assertClosedWire(spline.Shape)
pitch_diameter = m * z
tip_diameter = pitch_diameter + 2 * add_coef * m
root_diameter = pitch_diameter - 2 * ded_coef * m
# the test purpose here is just to ensure the gear's parameters are used,
# not super precise profile verification. Thus a lax delta is just file here.
delta = 0.01
self.assertIntersection(spline.Shape, makeCircle(pitch_diameter/2), "Expecting intersection at pitch circle")
self.assertNoIntersection(spline.Shape, makeCircle(tip_diameter/2 + delta), "Teeth extent beyond tip circle")
self.assertNoIntersection(spline.Shape, makeCircle(root_diameter/2 - delta), "Teeth extend below root circle")
def testCustomizedGearProfileForSplinedHub(self):
hub = InvoluteGearFeature.makeInvoluteGear('InvoluteSplinedHub')
hub.ExternalGear = False
z = 12
m = 2
add_coef = 0.5
ded_coef = 0.9
hub.NumberOfTeeth = z
hub.Modules = f'{m} mm'
hub.PressureAngle = '30 deg'
hub.AddendumCoefficient = add_coef
hub.DedendumCoefficient = ded_coef
hub.RootFilletCoefficient = 0.4
self.assertSuccessfulRecompute(hub)
self.assertClosedWire(hub.Shape)
pitch_diameter = m * z
tip_diameter = pitch_diameter - 2 * add_coef * m
root_diameter = pitch_diameter + 2 * ded_coef * m
# the test purpose here is just to ensure the gear's parameters are used,
# not super precise profile verification. Thus a lax delta is just file here.
delta = 0.01
self.assertIntersection(hub.Shape, makeCircle(pitch_diameter/2), "Expecting intersection at pitch circle")
self.assertNoIntersection(hub.Shape, makeCircle(tip_diameter/2 - delta), "Teeth extent below tip circle")
self.assertNoIntersection(hub.Shape, makeCircle(root_diameter/2 + delta), "Teeth extend beyond root circle")
def testShiftedExternalGearProfile(self):
gear = InvoluteGearFeature.makeInvoluteGear('InvoluteGear')
gear.NumberOfTeeth = 9 # odd number to have a tooth space on the negative X-axis
gear.ProfileShiftCoefficient = 0.6
self.assertSuccessfulRecompute(gear)
self.assertClosedWire(gear.Shape)
# first, verify the radial dimensions
xm = gear.ProfileShiftCoefficient * gear.Modules
Rref = gear.NumberOfTeeth * gear.Modules / 2
Rtip = Rref + gear.AddendumCoefficient * gear.Modules + xm
Rroot = Rref - gear.DedendumCoefficient * gear.Modules + xm
delta = Quantity("20 um") # 20 micron is as good as it gets
self.assertIntersection(gear.Shape, makeCircle(Rref), "Expecting intersection at reference circle")
self.assertNoIntersection(gear.Shape, makeCircle(Rtip + delta), "Teeth extent beyond tip circle")
self.assertNoIntersection(gear.Shape, makeCircle(Rroot - delta), "Teeth extend below root circle")
# to verify the angular dimensions, we use an "over pin measurement"
Dpin, Rc = external_pin_diameter_and_distance(
z=gear.NumberOfTeeth,
m=gear.Modules.getValueAs('mm'),
a=gear.PressureAngle.getValueAs('rad'),
x=gear.ProfileShiftCoefficient)
Rpin = Quantity(f"{Dpin/2} mm")
delta = Quantity("1 um") # our angular precision is much greater then the radial one
self.assertIntersection(gear.Shape, makeCircle(Rpin + delta, Vector(-Rc)),
msg="Expecting intersection with enlarged pin")
self.assertNoIntersection(gear.Shape, makeCircle(Rpin - delta, Vector(-Rc)),
msg="Expecting no intersection with reduced pin")
def testShiftedInternalGearProfile(self):
gear = InvoluteGearFeature.makeInvoluteGear('InvoluteGear')
gear.NumberOfTeeth = 11 # odd number to have a tooth space on the negative X-axis
gear.ExternalGear = False # to ensure "clean" flanks we need to tweak some more props
gear.ProfileShiftCoefficient = 0.4
gear.AddendumCoefficient = 0.6
gear.DedendumCoefficient = 0.8
self.assertSuccessfulRecompute(gear)
self.assertClosedWire(gear.Shape)
# first, verify the radial dimensions
xm = gear.ProfileShiftCoefficient * gear.Modules
Rref = gear.NumberOfTeeth * gear.Modules / 2
# For internal, too, positive shift is outwards. So this is *not* inverted.
Rtip = Rref - gear.AddendumCoefficient * gear.Modules + xm
Rroot = Rref + gear.DedendumCoefficient * gear.Modules + xm
delta = Quantity("20 um") # 20 micron is as good as it gets
self.assertIntersection(gear.Shape, makeCircle(Rref), "Expecting intersection at reference circle")
self.assertNoIntersection(gear.Shape, makeCircle(Rtip - delta), "Teeth extent below tip circle")
self.assertNoIntersection(gear.Shape, makeCircle(Rroot + delta), "Teeth extend beyond root circle")
# to verify the angular dimensions, we use an "over pin measurement"
Dpin, Rc = internal_pin_diameter_and_distance(
z=gear.NumberOfTeeth,
m=gear.Modules.getValueAs('mm'),
a=gear.PressureAngle.getValueAs('rad'),
x=gear.ProfileShiftCoefficient)
Rpin = Quantity(f"{Dpin/2} mm")
delta = Quantity("1 um") # our angular precision is much greater then the radial one
self.assertIntersection(gear.Shape, makeCircle(Rpin + delta, Vector(-Rc)),
msg="Expecting intersection with enlarged pin")
self.assertNoIntersection(gear.Shape, makeCircle(Rpin - delta, Vector(-Rc)),
msg="Expecting no intersection with reduced pin")
def testZeroFilletExternalGearProfile_BaseAboveRoot(self):
gear = InvoluteGearFeature.makeInvoluteGear('InvoluteGear')
# below 42 teeth, with default dedendum 1.25, we have some non-involute flanks
gear.NumberOfTeeth = 41
gear.RootFilletCoefficient = 0
self.assertSuccessfulRecompute(gear)
self.assertClosedWire(gear.Shape)
def testZeroFilletExternalGearProfile_BaseBelowRoot(self):
gear = InvoluteGearFeature.makeInvoluteGear('InvoluteGear')
# above 41 teeth, with default dedendum 1.25, the root is within the involute flank
gear.NumberOfTeeth = 42
gear.RootFilletCoefficient = 0
self.assertSuccessfulRecompute(gear)
self.assertClosedWire(gear.Shape)
def testZeroFilletInternalGearProfile(self):
gear = InvoluteGearFeature.makeInvoluteGear('InvoluteGear')
gear.ExternalGear = False
gear.RootFilletCoefficient = 0
self.assertSuccessfulRecompute(gear)
self.assertClosedWire(gear.Shape)
def testUsagePadGearProfile(self):
profile = InvoluteGearFeature.makeInvoluteGear('GearProfile')
body = self.Doc.addObject('PartDesign::Body','GearBody')
body.addObject(profile)
pad = body.newObject("PartDesign::Pad","GearPad")
pad.Profile = profile
pad.Length = '5 mm' # that our gear's "Face Width"
self.assertSuccessfulRecompute()
self.assertSolid(pad.Shape)
def testUsagePocketInternalGearProfile(self):
profile = InvoluteGearFeature.makeInvoluteGear('GearProfile')
profile.ExternalGear = False
# boolean cuts with lots of B-splines are quite slow, so let's make it less complex
profile.HighPrecision = False
profile.NumberOfTeeth = 8
body = self.Doc.addObject('PartDesign::Body','GearBody')
body.AllowCompound = False
body.addObject(profile)
cylinder = body.newObject('PartDesign::AdditiveCylinder','GearCylinder')
default_dedendum = 1.25
rim_width = 3 * FreeCAD.Units.MilliMetre
cylinder.Height = '5 mm' # that our gear's "Face Width"
cylinder.Radius = profile.NumberOfTeeth * profile.Modules / 2 + default_dedendum * profile.Modules + rim_width
pocket = body.newObject('PartDesign::Pocket','GearPocket')
pocket.Profile = profile
pocket.Reversed = True # need to "pocket upwards" into the cylinder
pocket.Type = 'ThroughAll'
self.assertSuccessfulRecompute()
self.assertSolid(pocket.Shape)
def testRecomputeExternalGearFromV020(self):
FreeCAD.closeDocument(self.Doc.Name) # this was created in setUp(self)
self.Doc = FreeCAD.openDocument(str(FIXTURE_PATH / "InvoluteGear_v0-20.FCStd"))
created_with = f"created with {self.Doc.getProgramVersion()}"
gear = self.Doc.InvoluteGear # from fixture
fixture_length = 187.752 # from fixture, rounded to micrometer
self.assertClosedWire(gear.Shape) # no recompute yet, i.e. check original
self.assertAlmostEqual(fixture_length, gear.Shape.Length, places=3,
msg=f"Total wire length does not match fixture for gear {created_with}")
gear.enforceRecompute()
self.assertSuccessfulRecompute(gear, msg=f"Cannot recompute gear {created_with}")
relative_tolerance_per_tooth = 1e-3 # wild guess: changes of <0.1%/tooth are ok
length_delta = fixture_length * relative_tolerance_per_tooth * gear.NumberOfTeeth
self.assertAlmostEqual(fixture_length, gear.Shape.Length, delta=length_delta,
msg=f"Total wire length changed after recomputing gear {created_with}")
def testRecomputeInternalGearFromV020(self):
FreeCAD.closeDocument(self.Doc.Name) # this was created in setUp(self)
self.Doc = FreeCAD.openDocument(str(FIXTURE_PATH / "InternalInvoluteGear_v0-20.FCStd"))
created_with = f"created with {self.Doc.getProgramVersion()}"
gear = self.Doc.InvoluteGear # from fixture
fixture_length = 165.408 # from fixture, rounded to micrometer
self.assertClosedWire(gear.Shape) # no recompute yet, i.e. check original
self.assertAlmostEqual(fixture_length, gear.Shape.Length, places=3,
msg=f"Total wire length does not match fixture for gear {created_with}")
gear.enforceRecompute()
self.assertSuccessfulRecompute(gear, msg=f"Cannot recompute gear {created_with}")
relative_tolerance_per_tooth = 1e-3 # wild guess: changes of <0.1%/tooth are ok
length_delta = fixture_length * relative_tolerance_per_tooth * gear.NumberOfTeeth
self.assertAlmostEqual(fixture_length, gear.Shape.Length, delta=length_delta,
msg=f"Total wire length changed after recomputing gear {created_with}")
def assertSuccessfulRecompute(self, *objs, msg=None):
if (len(objs) == 0):
self.Doc.recompute()
objs = self.Doc.Objects
else:
self.Doc.recompute(objs)
failed_objects = [o.Name for o in objs if 'Invalid' in o.State]
if (len(failed_objects) > 0):
self.fail(msg or f"Recompute failed for {failed_objects}")
def assertClosedWire(self, shape, msg=None):
self.assertEqual(shape.ShapeType, 'Wire', msg=msg)
self.assertTrue(shape.isClosed(), msg=msg)
def assertIntersection(self, shape1, shape2, msg=None):
self.assertTrue(self._check_intersection(shape1, shape2), msg or "Given shapes do not intersect.")
def assertNoIntersection(self, shape1, shape2, msg=None):
self.assertFalse(self._check_intersection(shape1, shape2), msg or "Given shapes intersect.")
def _check_intersection(self, shape1, shape2):
distance, _, _ = shape1.distToShape(shape2)
return distance < Precision.intersection()
def assertSolid(self, shape, msg=None):
self.assertEqual(shape.ShapeType, 'Solid', msg=msg)
def inv(a):
"""the involute function"""
return tan(a) - a
def external_pin_diameter_and_distance(z, m, a, x):
"""Calculates the ideal pin diameter for over pins measurement and its distance
for extrnal spur gears.
z is the number of teeth
m is the module, in millimeter
a is the pressure angle, in radians
x is the profile shift coefficient
returns the tuple of ideal pin diameter and its center distance from the gear's center
"""
# Equations taken from http://qtcgears.com/tools/catalogs/PDF_Q420/Tech.pdf
# Table 10-13 (1-4) and Table 10-14 (4a)
# 1. Half Tooth Space Angle at Base Circle
nu = pi / (2 * z) - inv(a) - 2 * x * tan(a) / z
# 2. The Pressure Angle at the Point Pin is Tangent to Tooth Surface
ap = acos(z * m * cos(a) / (z * m + 2 * x * m))
# 3. The Pressure Angle at Pin Center
phi = tan(ap) + nu
# 4. Ideal Pin Diameter
dp = z * m * cos(a) * (inv(phi) + nu)
# 4a. Over Pins Measurement, even number of teeth
# As we return the distance from the gear's center, we need dm to pass thought this center
# and that's only the case for a dm for an even number of teeth. However, this center distance
# is also valid for an odd number of teeth, as we don't measure pin-to-pin but pin-to-center.
dm = z * m * cos(a) / cos(phi) + dp
# Eq. 10-12 on page T46
rc = (dm - dp) / 2
return (dp, rc)
def internal_pin_diameter_and_distance(z, m, a, x):
"""Calculates the ideal pin diameter for over pins measurement and its distance
for intrnal spur gears.
z is the number of teeth
m is the module, in millimeter
a is the pressure angle, in radians
x is the profile shift coefficient
returns the tuple of ideal pin diameter and its center distance from the gear's center
"""
# Equations taken from http://qtcgears.com/tools/catalogs/PDF_Q420/Tech.pdf
# Table 10-17 (1-4) and Table 10-18 (4a)
# 1. Half Tooth Space Angle at Base Circle
nu = pi / (2 * z) + inv(a) + 2 * x * tan(a) / z
# 2. The Pressure Angle at the Point Pin is Tangent to Tooth Surface
ap = acos(z * m * cos(a) / (z * m + 2 * x * m))
# 3. The Pressure Angle at Pin Center
phi = tan(ap) - nu
# 4. Ideal Pin Diameter
dp = z * m * cos(a) * (nu - inv(phi))
# 4a. Over Pins Measurement, even number of teeth
# As we return the distance from the gear's center, we need dm to pass thought this center
# and that's only the case for a dm for an even number of teeth. However, this center distance
# is also valid for an odd number of teeth, as we don't measure pin-to-pin but pin-to-center.
dm = z * m * cos(a) / cos(phi) - dp
rc = (dm + dp) / 2
return (dp, rc)